Docker 安装mysql

一、创建mysql 容器

docker run \
-d \# 后台运行
--restart=always \#总是跟随docker启动
--privileged=true\#获取宿主机root权限
-p 13306:3306 --name mysql \# 容器与主机映射端口为，主机13306，容器3306
-v /mysql/log:/var/log/mysql \# 容器运行后的名称
-v /mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \# mysql 目录挂载
-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \#让容器的时钟与宿主机时钟同步，避免时区的问题，ro是read only的意思，就是只读。
-v /mysql/conf:/etc/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password \# 设置mysql实例的密码为root
mysql:8.1.0

注意：此处使用的是 13306 端口，故云服务器需要开启此端口，否则无法访问的。

常用指令

# 查询容器
docker ps 

# 进入容器
docker exec -it 容器ID bash

# 登录Mysql 
mysql -u root -p

# 查询字符集
show variables like 'character%';

二、设置字符集

一般情况下，我们都会手动指定一个字符编码， 因为默认的字符集容易导致中文乱码，首先我们查看一下字符的编码

1、查看字符集列表

[root@VM-8-16-opencloudos conf]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                                    NAMES
7010f9495381   mysql:8.1.0                    "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:13306->3306/tcp, :::13306->3306/tcp   mysql
871f292cae91   converts.web.entry             "dotnet Converts.Web…"   2 weeks ago         Up 2 weeks         5200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5200->80/tcp, :::5200->80/tcp          converts.web.entry
8809c2fd2701   databack/mysql-backup:latest   "/entrypoint"            3 weeks ago         Up 3 weeks                                                                  mysql-backup-baidu
[root@VM-8-16-opencloudos conf]# docker exec -it 7010f9495381 bash
bash-4.4# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.1.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                         |
| character_set_connection | latin1                         |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | latin1                         |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8mb3                        |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.1/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

2、修改字符集

my.cnf 文件内容

[client]
default_character_set=utf8
[mysqld]
collation_server=utf8_general_ci
character_set_server=utf8

3、再次查询

拓展—-安装异常

这个错误正常安装是不会出现的，正常安装直接跳过（由于我之前有安装过mysql,所以在mysqld检查配置时失败了）

2023-11-24 01:18:49+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.1.0-1.el8 started.
2023-11-24 01:18:49+00:00 [ERROR] [Entrypoint]: mysqld failed while attempting to check config
        command was: mysqld --verbose --help --log-bin-index=/tmp/tmp.VsNsrLRKKC
        mysqld: Can't read dir of '/etc/mysql/conf.d/' (OS errno 2 - No such file or directory)
mysqld: [ERROR] Stopped processing the 'includedir' directive in file /etc/my.cnf at line 36.
mysqld: [ERROR] Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted!

1、解决办法

找到并删除存在的 mysql启动配置文件

# 查找相关文件
sudo find / -name my.cnf 

# 删除
rm $(find / -name my.cnf)

删除完成之后， 需要吧之前失败的容器删除或者修改新容器的名称即可。否则会运行失败。